Product Review for Renata Battery Replacement for Casio FX-502P Calculator. Occasion campers. Long-lasting power for your coin-cell-operated devices such as household electronics like keyless entry systems, e-books. Casio calculator user's guide fx-5800p (147 pages) Calculator Casio FX-5800P Supplement Manual.
Programming
The programming model employed was key stroke programming by which each key pressed was recorded and later played back. Louisiana phone book white pages. On record multiple key presses were merged into a single programming step. All operations fitted into one program step.[1]
The FX-501P could store 128 steps, with 11 memory registers. The FX-502P had twice that capacity with 256 steps and 22 memory registers.
Casio Fx-502p Manual
Conditional and unconditional jumps as well as subroutines were supported. The FX-502P series supported 10 labels for programs and subroutines called P0 . P9. Each program or subroutine could have up to 10 local labels called LBL0 . LBL9 for jumps and branches.
House edge casino games. The house edge (HE) is defined as the casino profit expressed as a percentage of the player's original bet. The player's disadvantage is a result of the casino not paying winning wagers according to the game's 'true odds,' which are the.
The FX-501P and FX-502P supported indirect addressing both for memory access and jumps and therefore the programming model could be considered Turing complete.
Since the FX-501P and FX-502P only employed a seven-segment display each program step was represented by a special 2-digit codes made up of the digits 0 . 9 and the character C, E, F and P. The calculator came with a special overlay[2] so the user did not need to memorize the mapping between code and actual command.
What differentiated the FX-501/ FX-502P from its competitors was that programming was retained in a battery-buffered memory when the calculator was turned off.
Programming example
Here is a sample program that computes the factorial of an integer number from 2 to 69. For 5!, the user would type 5P0 and get the result 120. The whole program is only 9 bytes long.
| Key-code | Display-code | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| P0 | P0 | call the program with the P0 key |
| Min0 | C6-00 | stores the value in register 0 |
| 1 | 01 | starts with 1 |
| LBL0 | F0-00 | label for the loop |
| * | E1 | multiply |
| MR0 | C7-00 | with M0 |
| INVDSZ | FF-01 | Decrements M0 and skips next command if M0=Zero |
| GOTO0 | F1-00 | Go to LBL0 |
| = | E5 | end of loop, the machine has calculated 1×n×(n−1)×⋯×2×1=n!{displaystyle 1times ntimes (n-1)times cdots times 2times 1=n!} |
Specifications
- 2 lines with 32 5×7 characters LCD
- (some indicators and a 5 digit 7-segment display)
- 8 KB RAM (FX-860P: 24 KB, FX-880P: 32 KB)
- CPU: VLSI at 1.228MHz. Hitachi HD62002A01 (FX-860P, FX880P: HD62002A03)
- Integrated speaker
- Internal slot for memory expansion (32 KB)
- Connector with support for RS232 and Centronics (only level converter for RS232, Centronics needed)
- LCD Driver: 2 x HD66100F
- 2x 3V CR2032 lithium batteries as main power supply
- 1x 3V CR1220 lithium battery as memory backup (RAM power supply)
User's manual at http://www.usersmanualguide.com/casio/calculators/fx-850p
The calculator had a BASIC interpreter, MEMO function, a formula library. The built-in 8 kB memory could be expanded using the optional Casio RP-8 (8 kB) or RP-33 (32 kB) RAM expansion modules. An optional Casio FA-6 interface board provided a cassette tape recorder connector, a Centronics printer connector and an RS-232C port. The calculator could print data and listings on any Centronics printer; printing graphics required the Casio FP-100 plotter-printer.
Later, Casio released the FX-880P, which had 32 kB built-in memory. With a RP-33 expansion module, this model could be upgraded to a total of 64 kB.
The memory layout is:
- 0000-00FF Screen memory
- 0100-01FF Reserved for internal functions
- 0200-02FF INPUT Buffer
- 0300-03FF CALCJMP, VALF Buffer
- 0400-04FF Reserved for IN/OUT/CALC modes (CALC$)
- 0500-074A Reserved for internal functions
- 074B-0752 Reserved for storing the user PASSWORD
- 0753-175A Reserved for internal functions
- 175B-175C Vector pointing to MEMO memory start
- 175D-1FE4 Reserved for internal functions
- 1FE5-1FFF Vectors pointing to P0-P9 memory start
- 2000-9FFF User memory (shared by MEMO and P0-p))
- A000-BFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
- C000-DFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
- E000-FFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
Casio Fx-502p
Memory area A000-FFFF was either available as user memory (if expansion was present), or would simply repeat the contents of 0000-1FFF
A few glitches are:
- POKE 1867,0 → would delete any user PASSWORD
- POKE PEEK(8027)+256*PEEK(8028),32 → would recover contents of MEMO after a RESET ALL
- POKE PEEK(8027)+256*PEEK(8028),26 → would hide contents of MEMO, much like a RESET ALL would do, but without losing the programs
The internal function library was programmed in BASIC itself and could be extracted with a BASIC decompiler.
Casio Fx 502p Program Library
Any function in the library can be executed from a regular BASIC program by using GOTO 'LIB0:NNNN' where NNNN is the function number (e.g. 5010 for prime factorization). The command GOTO 'LIB0:0400' executes a self-test program.
Programming
The programming model employed was key stroke programming by which each key pressed was recorded and later played back. Louisiana phone book white pages. On record multiple key presses were merged into a single programming step. All operations fitted into one program step.[1]
The FX-501P could store 128 steps, with 11 memory registers. The FX-502P had twice that capacity with 256 steps and 22 memory registers.
Casio Fx-502p Manual
Conditional and unconditional jumps as well as subroutines were supported. The FX-502P series supported 10 labels for programs and subroutines called P0 . P9. Each program or subroutine could have up to 10 local labels called LBL0 . LBL9 for jumps and branches.
House edge casino games. The house edge (HE) is defined as the casino profit expressed as a percentage of the player's original bet. The player's disadvantage is a result of the casino not paying winning wagers according to the game's 'true odds,' which are the.
The FX-501P and FX-502P supported indirect addressing both for memory access and jumps and therefore the programming model could be considered Turing complete.
Since the FX-501P and FX-502P only employed a seven-segment display each program step was represented by a special 2-digit codes made up of the digits 0 . 9 and the character C, E, F and P. The calculator came with a special overlay[2] so the user did not need to memorize the mapping between code and actual command.
What differentiated the FX-501/ FX-502P from its competitors was that programming was retained in a battery-buffered memory when the calculator was turned off.
Programming example
Here is a sample program that computes the factorial of an integer number from 2 to 69. For 5!, the user would type 5P0 and get the result 120. The whole program is only 9 bytes long.
| Key-code | Display-code | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| P0 | P0 | call the program with the P0 key |
| Min0 | C6-00 | stores the value in register 0 |
| 1 | 01 | starts with 1 |
| LBL0 | F0-00 | label for the loop |
| * | E1 | multiply |
| MR0 | C7-00 | with M0 |
| INVDSZ | FF-01 | Decrements M0 and skips next command if M0=Zero |
| GOTO0 | F1-00 | Go to LBL0 |
| = | E5 | end of loop, the machine has calculated 1×n×(n−1)×⋯×2×1=n!{displaystyle 1times ntimes (n-1)times cdots times 2times 1=n!} |
Specifications
- 2 lines with 32 5×7 characters LCD
- (some indicators and a 5 digit 7-segment display)
- 8 KB RAM (FX-860P: 24 KB, FX-880P: 32 KB)
- CPU: VLSI at 1.228MHz. Hitachi HD62002A01 (FX-860P, FX880P: HD62002A03)
- Integrated speaker
- Internal slot for memory expansion (32 KB)
- Connector with support for RS232 and Centronics (only level converter for RS232, Centronics needed)
- LCD Driver: 2 x HD66100F
- 2x 3V CR2032 lithium batteries as main power supply
- 1x 3V CR1220 lithium battery as memory backup (RAM power supply)
User's manual at http://www.usersmanualguide.com/casio/calculators/fx-850p
The calculator had a BASIC interpreter, MEMO function, a formula library. The built-in 8 kB memory could be expanded using the optional Casio RP-8 (8 kB) or RP-33 (32 kB) RAM expansion modules. An optional Casio FA-6 interface board provided a cassette tape recorder connector, a Centronics printer connector and an RS-232C port. The calculator could print data and listings on any Centronics printer; printing graphics required the Casio FP-100 plotter-printer.
Later, Casio released the FX-880P, which had 32 kB built-in memory. With a RP-33 expansion module, this model could be upgraded to a total of 64 kB.
The memory layout is:
- 0000-00FF Screen memory
- 0100-01FF Reserved for internal functions
- 0200-02FF INPUT Buffer
- 0300-03FF CALCJMP, VALF Buffer
- 0400-04FF Reserved for IN/OUT/CALC modes (CALC$)
- 0500-074A Reserved for internal functions
- 074B-0752 Reserved for storing the user PASSWORD
- 0753-175A Reserved for internal functions
- 175B-175C Vector pointing to MEMO memory start
- 175D-1FE4 Reserved for internal functions
- 1FE5-1FFF Vectors pointing to P0-P9 memory start
- 2000-9FFF User memory (shared by MEMO and P0-p))
- A000-BFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
- C000-DFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
- E000-FFFF Repetition of 0000-1FFF
Casio Fx-502p
Memory area A000-FFFF was either available as user memory (if expansion was present), or would simply repeat the contents of 0000-1FFF
A few glitches are:
- POKE 1867,0 → would delete any user PASSWORD
- POKE PEEK(8027)+256*PEEK(8028),32 → would recover contents of MEMO after a RESET ALL
- POKE PEEK(8027)+256*PEEK(8028),26 → would hide contents of MEMO, much like a RESET ALL would do, but without losing the programs
The internal function library was programmed in BASIC itself and could be extracted with a BASIC decompiler.
Casio Fx 502p Program Library
Any function in the library can be executed from a regular BASIC program by using GOTO 'LIB0:NNNN' where NNNN is the function number (e.g. 5010 for prime factorization). The command GOTO 'LIB0:0400' executes a self-test program.
Casio Fx-502p For Sale
Characters 252 to 255 were user defined. They could be defined by issuing the command DEF CHR$(n)='HHHHHHHHHH' where n ranges from 252 to 255 and the H's are 10 hexadecimal digits (5 bytes). Every byte defines the pixel pattern for a column. Since a column is 7 pixels high, the least significant bit of every byte is ignored.
The CHR$(26) would activate a different character set for Katakana and Kanji characters. CHR$(27) would deactivate Kanji.
Casio Fx 50fh
Via a serial cable the calculator could connect to a PC or to another Casio FX-850P, allowing the transfer to MEMO and stored programs.
